2952 results
Causes of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs)
Congenital Causes: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), Idiopathic
Acquired Causes: Post surgical, Penetrating
Causes of Pulmonary ... Malformations (AVMs ... ) Congenital Causes ... Idiopathic Acquired Causes ... BrighamChiefs #AVMs
Upper and Lower Causes of GI Bleed
Upper:
 • Esophagus: Tear (Mallory Weiss, Boerhaave syndrome), Variceal, Esophagitis,
Upper and Lower Causes ... Variceal, Cancer, AVM ... PUD, Duodenitis, AVM ... Polyps • Vessels: AVM ... differential #diagnosis #Causes
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
average settings • Causes ... gas equation • Causes ... • Most common cause ... to hypoxemia • Causes ... (eg, pulmonary AVMs
Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Airways: 
 • Bronchitis
 • Bronchiectasis
 • Malignancy: Primary bronchogenic CA, Endobronchial
Cardiac/Vascular: • AVMs ... Diagnosis #pulmonary #causes
Acute Hypoxemia - Differential Diagnosis
 • Hyperacute: Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary Edema, Mucous Plugging, Bronchospasm, Pulmonary Embolism,
Intracardiac, Pulmonary AVMs ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
glomerulopathies • Causes ... disease Renal Causes ... artery embolism • AVM ... Mass Ureteral Causes ... and SMA - Can cause
BATS Mnemonic for Causes of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)

B - Berry Aneurysm
A - AVM / ADPKD
T -
BATS Mnemonic for Causes ... Aneurysm A - AVM
Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions (Hemopericardium)- Differential Diagnosis Framework

IATROGENIC DISEASE
Secondary to invasive cardiac procedures

NONIATROGENIC
• Malignancy (e.g., metastatic spread:
OTHER RARE CAUSES ... mesothelioma • AVM
Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Massive Hemoptysis: >150-300 mL in 24h
Airway disease: 
 • Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Malignancy
hemorrhage (DAH), AVM ... Diagnosis #pulmonary #causes
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
- Emergency Causes ... Syringomyelia • Spinal AVM ... differential #diagnosis #causes