2331 results
Causes of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs)
Congenital Causes: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), Idiopathic
Acquired Causes: Post surgical, Penetrating
Malformations (AVMs ... BrighamChiefs #AVMs ... Pulmonary #Causes #differential
Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Airways: 
 • Bronchitis
 • Bronchiectasis
 • Malignancy: Primary bronchogenic CA, Endobronchial
Hemoptysis - Differential ... Cardiac/Vascular: • AVMs ... #Hemoptysis #Differential
Acute Hypoxemia - Differential Diagnosis
 • Hyperacute: Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary Edema, Mucous Plugging, Bronchospasm, Pulmonary Embolism,
Acute Hypoxemia - Differential ... Intracardiac, Pulmonary AVMs ... Hypoxemia #hypoxia #Differential
Upper and Lower Causes of GI Bleed
Upper:
 • Esophagus: Tear (Mallory Weiss, Boerhaave syndrome), Variceal, Esophagitis,
Variceal, Cancer, AVM ... PUD, Duodenitis, AVM ... Polyps • Vessels: AVM ... Lower #GIBleed #differential
Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm and Management
Hemorrhagic:
 • Intracerebral: HTN, Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Trauma, Bleeding Diathesis,
Stroke - Differential ... Bleeding Diathesis, AVM ... #Stroke #CVA #Differential
Massive Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management
Definition: 150-600 mL over 24 hours
Differential Diagnosis:
 • Tracheobronchial:
Massive Hemoptysis - Differential ... over 24 hours Differential ... Mitral Stenosis, AVM ... Massive #Hemoptysis #Differential
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Intracardiac, Pulmonary AVMs ... Hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Respiratory Failure - Differential ... (eg, pulmonary AVMs ... Failure #hypoxia #Differential
Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Massive Hemoptysis: >150-300 mL in 24h
Airway disease: 
 • Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Malignancy
Hemoptysis - Differential ... hemorrhage (DAH), AVM ... #Hemoptysis #Differential
Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions (Hemopericardium)- Differential Diagnosis Framework

IATROGENIC DISEASE
Secondary to invasive cardiac procedures

NONIATROGENIC
• Malignancy (e.g., metastatic spread:
Hemopericardium)- Differential ... mesothelioma • AVM ... Hemopericardium #Differential