291 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... Syndrome (HHS) Absolute ... → Glucosuria → Polyuria ... Polydipsia #dka
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... ) DKA is a result ... of an absolute ... In DKA, the normal ... hyponatremia, polyuria
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... pain • Nausea • Polyuria ... , and death DKA ... 200 mg/dL #DKA
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
symptoms of HHS/DKA ... : Both: Polyuria ... , hypotension) DKA ... #EM #IM #Endo #DKA
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... • Water and solute ... Renal Failure Solute ... • Exogenous solute ... load #Polyuria
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... pain • Nausea • Polyuria ... , and death DKA ... 200 mg/dL #DKA
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm Polyuria ... 300 mosm/kg • Solute ... Hyperglycemia, High solute ... Primary Polydipsia #Polyuria
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Solute Diuresis
 • Na intake/saline
 • Glucosuria: Hyperglycemia, SGLT-2 inhibitors
 • Urea: Exogenous
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Solute ... @kdjhaveri #Polyuria
Ketosis Disorders - Comparison Table
 • Starvation Ketosis
 • Alcoholic Ketoacidosis (AKA)
 • Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Ketoacidosis (AKA ... Ketoacidosis (DKA ... • Euglycemic DKA ... State (HHS) • DKA
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... Excess Tubular Solute ... Hypercalcemia Polyuria ... EricsMedicalLectures/ #Polyuria