68 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... Syndrome (HHS) Absolute ... → Glucosuria → Polyuria ... #dka #hhs #pathophysiology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... • Water and solute ... Renal Failure Solute ... • Exogenous solute ... load #Polyuria
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm Polyuria ... 300 mosm/kg • Solute ... Hyperglycemia, High solute ... Primary Polydipsia #Polyuria
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology ... a result of an absolute ... hyponatremia, polyuria ... details of the pathophysiology ... #Pathophysiology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Solute Diuresis
 • Na intake/saline
 • Glucosuria: Hyperglycemia, SGLT-2 inhibitors
 • Urea: Exogenous
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Solute ... @kdjhaveri #Polyuria
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... Excess Tubular Solute ... Hypercalcemia Polyuria ... EricsMedicalLectures/ #Polyuria
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... HHS/DKA: Both: Polyuria
Thiazide induced Hyponatremia - Pathophysiology
 • Reduced distal delivery
 • Inhibition of the NCC (dilution capcity)-
Hyponatremia - Pathophysiology ... Reduced urea (solute ... #Hyponatremia #Pathophysiology
Autoimmune Gastritis - Pathophysiology

Anti-ParietaI Cell, CD4+ T Cells, Autoantibodies -> x Parietal Cells, x HCL, x
Autoimmune Gastritis - Pathophysiology ... Anti-ParietaI Cell, CD4 ... Autoimmune #Gastritis #Pathophysiology
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome Treatment
Stop offending agents:
 • List as allergies
monitoring: • CBC ... with Diff, manual absolute