895 results
Adrenal hematoma/hemorrhage on FAST exam

Adult male with RUQ/side pain after MVC. Transient prehospital hypotension.  Has
Adrenal hematoma ... Answer: Right adrenal ... cephalad to the right kidney ... RJonesSonoEM #Adrenal
Adrenal Metastases on Renal POCUS
Pt complains of right flank pain, n/v. States feels like prior kidney
Adrenal Metastases ... on Renal POCUS ... feels like prior kidney ... Final diagnosis--adrenal ... RJonesSonoEM #Adrenal
Major Physiological Effects of Angiotensin II

Altered Peripheral Resistance
I. Direct vasoconstriction
II. Enhancement of peripheral noradrenergic
neurotransmission:
  A.
catecholamines from adrenal ... medulla Altered Renal ... aldosterone from adrenal ... neurotransmission in kidney ... Increased renal
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
breast, lung, renal ... , adrenal, prostate ... lung cancer • Renal ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic kidney
Clinical manifestations of acute liver failure 

Brain: 
Hepatic encephalopathy,  
Cerebral edema,  
Intracranial hypertension,
Seizures Kidney ... and adrenals:
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Breast, Kidney, ... Immobilization • Adrenal
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Chronic kidney disease ... Chronic kidney disease ... Acute oliguric kidney ... Primary adrenal ... Adrenal hemorrhage
Blood pressure
Renin
ACTH
Angiotensin Il
Zona glomerulosa
Secretion
Physical activity, stress
Adrenal
#Epinephrine
#Adrenalmedulla
Degradation
Glucuronation in the liver
Excretion
Bile
Feces
#Hyperkalemia
#Aldosterone
Na* retention and
K* excretion in:
Salivary glands
#Sweat glands
#Gallbladder
Nat
Na
K*
Kidney
Colon
activity, stress Adrenal ... Nat Na K* Kidney
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... suggests extra-renal ... syndrome, Congenital adrenal
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
↑ Aldosterone: Kidney ... ↑ Aldosterone: Adrenal