13 results
Valvular vs Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation - Classification
Valvular:
 • Presence of moderate-to-severe mitral stenosis or artificial (mechanical)
vs Non-Valvular Atrial ... moderate-to-severe mitral ... mechanical) heart valve ... #Fibrillation #AFib ... Classification #diagnosis
Tricuspid regurgitation is present on this subxiphoid view of a patient diagnosed with endocarditis. If you
view of a patient diagnosed ... you can see the vegetation ... #Endocarditis #Vegetation ... #Tricuspid #Valve ... regurgitation #cardiology #clinical
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
high index of clinical ... is required for diagnosis ... cultures/serology: Serial ... false-negative results: vegetation ... already embolised, Vegetations
Atrial Fibrillation on POCUS Echocardiogram (A4C)

35yoF presents with acute onset atrial fibrillation.  POCUS shows dilated
Atrial Fibrillation ... with acute onset atrial ... & poor mitral valve ... #Fibrillation #AFib ... Echocardiogram #A4C #clinical
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
(A-Fib) Summary ... control with early Afib ... Mechanical heart valve ... #Fibrillation #AFib ... #diagnosis #management
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... endocarditis (vegetations ... )/tumor (left atrial ... myxoma)/ball valve ... stenosis #Causes #diagnosis
Causes of Ischemic Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Important to determine and treat the etiology behind because
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Arrhythmias: Afib ... * • Valvular: Mitral ... stenosis, Prosthetic valve ... Non-atherosclerotic: Arterial
Marantic Endocarditis 

Epidemiology:
 - Incidence of non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic endocarditis if associated with cancer) is
cardiac valvular vegetations ... Clinical Findings ... irregularly shaped vegetations ... on mitral and aortic ... Vegetations mostly
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... formation • Other vegetations ... Substance use: R > L Tricuspid ... -mm left sided vegetations
The location of the cardiac valves is best determined on the lateral radiograph.
A line is drawn
this line and the tricuspid ... and mitral valves ... enlargement of the left atrium ... #Clinical #Diagnosis ... #Localization #Mitral