2266 results
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Low Renin, Low Aldosterone ... High Renin, Low Aldosterone ... Normal or High Aldosterone ... ) - Aldosterone ... Hypoaldosteronism #Differential
Hyperaldosteronism - Etiologies of Mineralocorticoid Excess

Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low Renin, High Aldosterone) 
 - Aldosterone-secreting
Low Renin, High Aldosterone ... ) - Aldosterone-secreting ... High Renin, High Aldosterone ... Normal or Low Aldosterone ... Hyperaldosteronism #Differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... High Renin, High Aldosterone ... Low Renin, High Aldosterone ... • Aldosterone-secreting ... NonGap #Nephrology #Differential
Drugs causing hyperkalemia
 • Impaired release of renin: NSAIDs, Beta blockers, Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Diabetes, Elderly
 •
blockers • Impaired aldosterone ... Pentamidine • Aldosterone ... medications #causes #differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low Aldosterone ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... #Hypokalemia #Differential
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
HyperKalemia - Differential ... antagonists • Aldosterone ... glycosides • Aldosterone ... #HyperKalemia #Differential
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Tubular Acidosis - Differential ... Urine pH < 5.5 - ↓ Aldosterone ... Calcineurin inhibitors, Aldosterone ... Tubular #Acidosis #Differential
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Synthesis of aldosterone ... Trimethoprim) • Aldosterone ... #hyperkalemia #differential
Benign Adrenal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperplasia - Often Bilateral
 • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
 • ACTH
Adrenal Mass - Differential ... Suppression Test) Aldosterone ... /Alkalosis • Aldosterone ... AdrenalMass #Benign #Differential
Malignant Adrenal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Suggestive of Malignancy: Inhomogenous Density, Delay in CT Contrast Washout
Adrenal Mass - Differential ... Suppression Test) Aldosterone ... /Alkalosis • Aldosterone ... Carcinoma (High Aldosterone ... AdrenalMass #Malignant #Differential