19 results
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
production Respiratory alkalosis ... Hypoxemia • Pain/anxiety ... - Contraction alkalosis ... Acidosis - non anion ... metabolic acidosis - anion
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Anion gap? ... ↑ ↑ Metabolic alkalosis ... Acidosis ↑ ↓ Resp Alkalosis ... of Respiratory alkalosis ... Hyperventilation (Anxiety
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology ... to be higher in Asians ... Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis ... Gitelman #Syndrome #Pathophysiology
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Neurochemical abnormalities
 • Hyper-vigilance
 • Emotional hyper-arousal
 • Exaggerated startle reflex
 • Anxiety
startle reflex • Anxiety ... BehavioralDisorder #Pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
onto lateral hip Signs ... Changes • Non-union ... msk #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Panic Disorder: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Social Factors
 • Parenting and infant attachment
 • Childhood illness/abuse
 •
-> respiratory alkalosis ... carrying anti-anxiety ... Anticipatory Anxiety ... BehavioralDisorder #Pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Symptoms (included in DSM 5 criteria) - Present during
partum onset) - Anxiety ... MoodDisorders #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Alcohol Use Disorder: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Tolerance (reduced sensitivity to effects of EtOH)
 •
, seizure, and anxiety ... AlcoholUseDisorder #EtOH #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Bipolar Disorder: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Disruption of emotional homeostasis
 • Oscillation between mood states
- Incr guilt, anxiety ... MoodDisorders #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
3) Follow the anion ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology