21 results
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
• Hepatorenal syndromes ... Epithelial cell casts ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... hydronephrosis on UIS) • Benign ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
sensitive) • AKI ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... proteinuria, granular casts ... AIN #Algorithm #nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... cases are caused ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... - Casts Acellular ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Red blood cell casts ... Red blood cell casts ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Nephritic #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
dipstick, urine microscopy ... osmolarity If cause ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... a.k.a. hepatorenal syndrome ... tubular necrosis (causes ... Medications • Benign ... Classification #diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... #urology #nephrology