65 results
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
• Hepatorenal syndromes ... Epithelial cell casts ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... hydronephrosis on UIS) • Benign ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... cases are caused ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... #nephrology
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
sensitive) • AKI ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... proteinuria, granular casts ... AIN #Algorithm #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... dipstick, urine microscopy ... osmolarity If cause ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #nephrology #causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... tubular necrosis (causes ... Medications • Benign ... Classification #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #nephrology #casts
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis