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diagnosis differential algorithm alkalosis acute management treatment hypokalemia kidneyinjury low renal rhabdomyolysis urinary workup atlas blood chloride glomerulonephritis hematuria hepatology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... cases are caused ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... - Casts Acellular ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
• Hepatorenal syndromes ... Epithelial cell casts ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... hydronephrosis on UIS) • Benign ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low intake • Metabolic ... Renovascular HTN, Renin ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
microscopy / urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... #urology #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
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