16 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... Red cell casts - Diagnostic ... #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... basement membrane disease ... hematuria • Signs ... - RBC casts → Diagnostic ... of glomerular disease
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... microscopy / urinary ... investigations abnormal ... investigations depending on clinical ... context and signs
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and Disease ... nonspecific; seen in normal ... and concentrated urine ... #Differential #Microscopy ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Lyme Disease: Early and Late Clinical manifestations
Stage 1. Localized
 • EM appears 7-14 days at the
Lyme Disease: Early ... and Late Clinical ... • Heralded by neurologic ... impairment - Normal ... #diagnosis #signs
Amyloidosis - Summary
Group of disorders associated with extracellular deposition of fibrils formed from low-molecular-weight proteins in
Clinical suspicion ... the extent of disease ... Amyloidosis Clinical ... Doppler imaging: Normal-size ... polarized light microscopy
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Common clinical ... Acute meningeal signs ... established by CSF or urine ... #neurology #meningitis
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
- Differential Diagnosis ... purpura: Strong sign ... affects the skin, neurologic ... fluid (CSF) is abnormal ... (PR3-ANCA)): Microscopic
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential Diagnosis ... neurological lesion: Clinical ... • Symptoms and signs ... Sarcoidosis, Behcet disease ... #neurology #differential
Rheumatology Workup - Laboratories Studies in Rheumatic Diseases

• Septic arthritis - Gram stain and culture of
polarized light microscopy ... (to support a diagnosis ... • Serum and urine ... ANA and RF (if clinical ... laboratory #workup #diagnosis