9 results
Liver Enzymes (LFTs) - Causes of Hepatocellular and Cholestatic Liver Injury
Hepatocellular Liver Injury
 • AST/ALT elevation
Liver Enzymes (LFTs ... AnnKumfer #Liver #Enzymes ... #Cholestatic #Transaminitis ... #diagnosis #differential ... #hepatology
Elevated Liver Function Tests (LFTs) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Mild (<100-500): 
 • NAFLD
 • Cirrhosis
 •
Liver Function Tests ... (LFTs) - Differential ... Drug-induced liver injury ... #Diagnosis #hepatology ... #transaminitis
Hepatocellular Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework:
Liver Injury → liver test abnormalities without evidence of liver
- Differential ... → liver test abnormalities ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #hepatology ... #algorithm #Transaminitis
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Differential Diagnosis ... Intrinsic Causes: • Enzyme ... • AIHA: warm, cold ... incompatibility • Paroxysmal ... classification #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Transfusion reaction, Paroxysmal ... Autoimmune (AIHA)"Cold ... (e.g. primary cold ... Intrinsic RBC Defects: Enzyme ... Extravascular #Causes #differential
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... Autoimmune: Warm AIHA, Cold ... , Spiders - Enzyme ... Laboratory Tests ... #Diagnosis #hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
younger pts) Differential ... macroglobulinemia Paroxysmal ... • Diagnostic Test ... Donath-Landsteiner test ... hemolytic #anemia #hematology
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
ALF): • Liver injury ... hepatocellular injury ... Source of Liver Enzyme ... chemistry #diagnosis #differential ... #Hepatology #transaminitis
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
- Differential ... extrahepatic source - Tests ... Source of Liver Enzyme ... #hepatitis #differential ... diagnosis #algorithm #hepatology