9 results
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
Obstruction - Differential ... Upper Tract - Bladder ... carcinoma - Stone ... stone • ... #UrinaryTract #Differential
Ureteral Stone on Renal POCUS

A 23yo male with no significant PMHx presents with acute LLQ pain,
Ureteral Stone on ... presents with acute LLQ ... Bladder ultrasound ... hydroureter, prox stone ... #Ureteral #Stone
UVJ Stone on Bladder Ultrasound

Which of the following is the best next step in this 30yo
UVJ Stone on Bladder ... has a left uvj stone ... (source of her LLQ ... Most ureteral stones ... #UVJ #Stone #Bladder
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
Increased Urination - Differential ... incontinence, Bladder ... calculi, Bladder ... Pelvic Muscle Tone ... Increased #Urination #Differential
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... Hematuria: • Stone ... • Cystitis • Bladder ... stones/polyps ... #Hematuria #Differential
Medications causing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration: Diuretics
 • Altered intrarenal autoregulation: ACEIs / ARBs,
methotrexate Postrenal -↓ bladder ... urinary sphincter tone ... #pharmacology #differential
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
ALP) Elevation - Differential ... symptoms - Pain -> RUQ ... duct stricture/Stones ... ALP #Elevation #Differential
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Cord Disorders - Differential ... Loss of bowel/bladder ... bladder continence ... decreased muscle tone ... diagnosis #neurology #differential
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
disturbance • Bladder ... constipation Differential ... palpation of the bladder ... decreased rectal tone ... Equina #syndrome #differential