12 results
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
and infects the CNS ... The clinical syndrome ... dysfunction like gait ... #dementia #AIDS ... #Neurology
Localizing Extraocular Movement Disorders
 • CN Ill (Oculomotor) Nerve Palsy 
 • CN IV (Trochlear) Nerve
Extraocular Movement Disorders ... IV (Trochlear) ... One-and-a-half Syndrome ... Skew Deviation Casey ... ophthalmology #neurology
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
neurocognitive disorders ... hydrocephalus, HIV ... laboratory tests + imaging ... functions - Aphaso-apraxo-agnosia ... syndrome - Hippocampal
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
Suspect in movement disorders ... status, and focal neurologic ... Demyelinating disease caused ... , limb ataxia, gait ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
CNS Manifestations ... Demyelinating Syndrome ... , Seizure disorders ... autoantibodies that will cause ... #neurology #rheumatology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
pulmonary etc) • CNS ... toxins: Steroids, Statins ... parainfluenza, Coxsackie, HIV ... aminotransferases • Serology ... Differential #Diagnosis #neurology
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... (IRIS): • In HIV ... 4 weeks after starting ... neurological symptoms • Caused ... differential #TB #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Spinal Cord Disorders ... of injury • Gait ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... #diagnosis #neurology
The Stages of Syphilis 

Primary Syphilis 
- The chancre lesion is the hallmark of primary syphilis.
soles in 50% of cases ... have positive serology ... tabes dorsalis, gait ... impairments, and dementia ... Tertiary #Diagnosis #Staging
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
(CES) is usually ... - Emergency Causes ... cord infarct • HIV ... studies (PVR) Imaging ... #neurology