11 results
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
infects the CNS ... Patchy areas of high ... The clinical syndrome ... dysfunction like gait ... #AIDS #Neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... hyperreactivity • Urologic ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Kidney stones caused ... Association class IV
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
focal neurologic ... Demyelinating disease caused ... , limb ataxia, gait ... visual changes, hearing ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... nervous system (CNS ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... sensorineural hearing ... #neurology #noninflammatory
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
CNS Manifestations ... Demyelinating Syndrome ... autoantibodies that will cause ... Induction Rx: high-dose ... #neurology #rheumatology
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
include a: • Neurologic ... masses and lymphadenitis ... auditory nerve (CN ... II ○ Susac’s syndrome ... zoster virus ○ HIV
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... diuretics • NSAIDs ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... diuretics • NSAIDs ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
glycol (present in IV ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... acidosis: - CNS ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Treat underlying cause ... ) - Symptoms: CNS ... IV bisphosphonates ... Adjuncts: loop diuretics ... fever, weight gain