10 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Hypercalcemia ... histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... Autosomal Dominant Calcium ... MEN) Drug Side ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... Elevated PTH (High ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... - Differential ... deficiency • Drugs: Calcium ... Pancreatitis, Sepsis ... #Workup #Differential
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Activating Mutation in Calcium ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... PTH - Frankly high ... #workup #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #calcium #elevated
Causes of Wide Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis
Physiologic:
 • Advanced age-arteriosclerosis (less compliant arteries)
 • Well
Causes of Wide Pulse ... Pressure - Differential ... Hyperdynamic circulation/High ... Vasoplegia • Sepsis ... Diagnosis #causes #cardiology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
As a result, calcium ... - Hyperkalemia ( ... high potassium levels ... ) is a side effect ... Pathophysiology #cardiology
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis
Decreased calcium absorption
 • Vitamin D deficiency
    -
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Decreased calcium ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Causes #endocrinology
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Pulse Pressure - Differential ... Hyperdynamic circulation/High ... Vasoplegia • Sepsis ... rate of 23.3% • Wide ... Pathophysiology #causes #cardiology