19 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... - Differential ... Pancreatitis, Sepsis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #calcium
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Elevated PTH (High ... Low PTH: • Elevated ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Activating Mutation in Calcium ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... - Differential ... Drug induced: Calcium ... Hyperphosphatemia, High ... Hyperphosphatemia, Low
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
PTH - Frankly high ... FeCa <1 %) - Low ... #workup #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #calcium #elevated
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... - Differential ... solubility: • Low ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Low Anion Gap - Various causes and mechanisms of a Low Anion Gap
 • Hypoalbuminemia (1gm
Various causes and ... gap acidosis • High ... Calcium and Mg ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... Renal #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Insufficiency Differential ... Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... insufficiency likely: • High ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology