10 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary ... diarrhea), Sweat (Cystic ... - Normal/low ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #urinary #chloride
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... - Differential ... of stones: • Urinary ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Sweat: Cystic ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... the indicated causes ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
apatite plaque, Low ... >2000 mg/day) Cystine ... and intestine, Low ... Renal #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
or normal): • Primary ... Hypercalcemia Low ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... acidosis) • Cystic ... deficiency • Milk (calcium ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
ultrasonography, serum calcium ... Optional: urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Evaluation 1) Clinical clues ... FeCa <1 %) - Low ... Hypercalcemia #workup #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #calcium #elevated
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... sweating, burns, sepsis ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Oxalate: Primary ... Hyperoxaluria • Cystine ... Syndrome type 1-4, Lowe ... Stones #pediatrics #nephrology ... #differential #