23 results
Massive Hemoptysis - Diagnosis and Management
 • Definitions: 
   - Hemoptysis = bleeding from
Massive Hemoptysis ... cause death by asphyxia ... or blood loss ... • Workup • General ... Management #treatment #workup
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Alwavs Repeat Blood ... while drawing blood ... ) • RBC Hemolysis ... TTKG should be high ... causes #potassium #high
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis Algorithm High ... Low PTH: • High ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Workup ... #nephrology #PTH
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... Potassium-rich diet • Blood ... • Tumor lysis/hemolysis ... Normal, Renin High ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... glycosides • High ... dietary intake • Blood ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
venipuncture • Hemolysis ... phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... Blood transfusion ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
venipuncture • Hemolysis ... phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... Blood transfusion ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... urinary losses: • High ... Blood Pressure: ... • Low/Normal Blood ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... normal Type 4: Hyperkalemic ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... mmol creatinine) High ... effective arterial blood ... syndrome #hypokalemia ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology