66 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Losses Non-renal ... vomiting) • Low ... #low #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... villous adenomas • Renal ... • Severe potassium ... depletion (serum potassium ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... , NGT suction, Low ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Primary #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... , NGT suction, Low ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... aldosteronism #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... consumption • Low ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... • Penicillins Renal ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... diuretics after renal ... generally indicates a renal ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Mineralocorticoid excess - Renal ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... • Increased renal ... blood flow • ... #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology