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diagnosis nephrology differential causes algorithm hypokalemia low management gitelman high hypomagnesemia hyponatremia oncology treatment acidosis acute aki cancer classification hepatology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... potassium excretion ... • Acute renal ... • Type 1 #Hyperkalemia ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Drugs that Impair Renal ... Potassium Excretion ... happypillsrx/ #Hyperkalemia ... #Pathophysiology ... #Renal
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... #low #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... • Renal tubular ... algorithm #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... Fluids Shift potassium ... (if preserved renal ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #nephrology
Renal Tubular Disorders • Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (Type 1) • Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis (Type
Renal Tubular Disorders ... • Distal Renal ... Acidosis (Type 2) • Hyperkalemic ... Acidosis #Types #pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... deficiency • Renal ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... #Hypokalemia ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
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