12 results
Metformin Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3A, 3B, or
Metformin Treatment ... Diabetes and Chronic Kidney ... Disease Stages ... #CKD4 #Dosing # ... Pharmacology #VisualAbstract
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... stones caused by ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) - Diagnostic Criteria
HRS-AKI (Acute: previously known as HRS Type 1)
 • ↑ Creatinine
nephrotoxics (e.g. diuretics ... injury: No proteinuria ... of kidney disease ... ascites • HRS-CKD ... of kidney disease
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
Guide to Acute Kidney ... Injury (AKI) ... - Hx of AKI/CKD ... - Pre-renal disease ... 21% - AKI on CKD
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Disease Associations ... individuals or during ... exercise or with diuretic ... are seen in acute ... broad - Advanced kidney
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... nephrotoxicity to kidney ... disease 2. ... Loop diuretics for ... #treatment #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
, including a diuretic ... kidney injury). ... Renal parenchymal disease ... : CKD, acute glomerulonephritis ... Neurologic disorders
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... • K sparing diuretics ... • Addison’s disease ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... • K sparing diuretics ... • Addison’s disease ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
advanced liver disease ... hepatitis, or acute ... • Caused by splanchnic ... Exclude other AKI causes ... Treatment Overview