19 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... for renal biopsy ... and referral to Urology ... Algorithm #Workup #urology ... #blood #urine
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Kidney Injury ( ... • Sepsis • Blood ... • Inflammatory disease ... /phimosis #Diagnosis ... #Acute #Kidney
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... and Differential Diagnosis ... Investigations: full blood ... cryoglobulins, hepatitis serology ... , HIV serology,
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
, Busulfan • Disease ... #differential #diagnosis ... #kidney #blood ... urine #management #treatment ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Acute Kidney Injury ... LC deposition disease ... gammopathy of renal ... malignancies Treatment ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
casts are seen in acute ... broad - Advanced kidney ... disease Red blood ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal ... Differential #Microscopy #Diagnosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... hyperreactivity • Urologic ... Torsemide) • Acute ... Prevention of blood ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
Elevated Lactate ... - Differential Diagnosis ... concentrations in: RBCs ... muscle, liver, and kidney ... deficiency of red blood
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
removal from the blood ... presentations and disease ... before beginning treatment ... cardiac output - Acute ... peritonitis - Acute
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Base Disorders - Blood ... Interpretation Steps for Blood ... Acute or chronic ... Compensation, Acute ... restrictive lung disease