9 results
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
AIHA, Cold AIHA, Transfusion ... reactions, Drug-associated ... Defects, Drugs, Liver ... - Unconjugated Bilirubin ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
Reactions TRALI ... blood donor • Pathophysiology ... without other cause ... • Pathophysiology ... #Reactions #hematology
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
Liver Chemistry ... Phosphatase and Bilirubin ... mitochondria (mAST ... initial insult Bilirubin ... #Hepatology #Pathophysiology
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Anemia Intrinsic Causes ... : • Liver disease ... prosthetic valve • Transfusion ... reactions ex. ... classification #hematology
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... eruptions, diarrhea, liver ... more likely to cause ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... eruptions, diarrhea, liver ... more likely to cause ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... intralobular bile ducts causes ... slightly elevated • Bilirubin ... or higher • Liver ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
incompatible blood transfusion ... protein C and S Pathophysiology ... DIC • Severe Liver ... Treat primary cause ... treatment #management #hematology
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Illness Script
HPS is a pulmonary disorder of chronic liver disease characterized by a
: 1) chronic liver ... abnormalities PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ... arteriovenous shunting causes ... mixed blood to pass ... cirrhosis #diagnosis #hepatology