14 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
• Refeeding syndrome ... losses (NG suction, diarrhea ... vomiting) • Low ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... #differential #algorithm
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... consumption • Low ... #nephrology #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... of sodium and potassium
Causes of Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative - Normal RBC Mass / Decreased Plasma Volume
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Burns • Diarrhea ... JAK-2 Positive - Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Hematology
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
• Infectious diarrhea ... Diagnosis: • Low ... 300 mg/dL) • Low ... : • Nephrotic syndrome ... (Epstein-Barr syndrome
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
metastasis (hungry bone syndrome ... biliary fistula, Diarrhea ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... Tubulointerstitial renal disease ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
, Chronic diarrhoea ... , Short bowel syndrome ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... of Wilson's disease ... Musculoskeletal: Low
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Refeeding Syndrome ... due to chronic disease ... Palpitations • Diarrhea ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... , K, Mg2+) • Slow