10 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... volume loss - diarrhea ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... losses (NG suction, diarrhea ... vomiting) • Low ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... consumption • Low ... #nephrology #low
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Appropriately Low ... Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea ... #nephrology #phosphorus ... #workup
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... of sodium and potassium ... Chloride #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... #Differential #Algorithm ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low