10 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Hypernatremia ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... ICU patients • Fever ... Hyperventilation #Hypernatremia
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... - burns - fevers ... renal failure #Hypernatremia ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia ... #Causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... UnremarkableLab #Hyponatremia ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia ... TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Exercise • Fever ... (MPA) • SLE ... Minimal change disease ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
Hyponatremia Differential ... in Cancer UOsm ... amyloidosis) • Liver disease ... metastases) #Hyponatremia ... #algorithm #nephrology
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Diagnosis Framework Disease ... angioinvasive disease ... pain, chronic diarrhea ... • Hyponatremia ... factor • May cause
Legionnaires' Disease
Clinical features:
 • Gl- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
 • Hyponatremia
 • Elevated transaminases
 • CRP >100
Legionnaires' Disease ... features: • Gl- nausea ... , vomiting, diarrhea ... • Hyponatremia ... Pontiac fever
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Muscle swelling - Fever ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... of underlying disease ... #treatment #nephrology