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diagnosis nephrology differential hypokalemia management blood product reactions alkalosis comparison effects gitelman hypernatremia hypomagnesemia k lactated lr magnesium metabolic normal
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... Urine chloride is ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #urine #Algorithm
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... consumption • Low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... with hypokalemia ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... #urine #potassium ... #differential #algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... @priti899 #Hypokalemia ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... 2-2.5% or 24h Urine ... Mg < 10g • Diarrhea ... Diuretics • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Osmotic diuresis (see ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... #Causes
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... shift • Saline Causes ... Decreased GFR, urine ... • Saline May Cause
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... (renal potassium ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... diarrhea Potential ... Supplement: • Potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... <20mmol/d • Diarrhea ... Liddle's syndrome #Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause ... and Elimination (see ... acidosis) • Low ... Management #Treatment #potassium
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