25 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
be treated with IV ... potassium(K) & magnesium ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
The Diagnostic Approach ... transplant - SLE ... Ketoconazole Low ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm ... #causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Magnesium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Algorithm GI LOSS ... Urine Mg < 10g • Diarrhea ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium ... #Low #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... secreting tumor, Primary ... #Algorithm #causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Struvite - Magnesium ... , High dietary magnesium ... herpes virus or HIV ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #calculus
Bronchiectasis: diagnosis and management 

Causes of localized -> diffuse bronchiectasis
Foreign body, Bronchial stenosis (tumor, .. ),
management Causes ... RA, Sjögren, SLE ... Cystic fibrosis, primary ... deficiency, CVID+++, HIV ... Differential #workup #algorithm
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Osmotic diuresis (see ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... #Algorithm #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm - Urinary ... - Normal/low ... #Algorithm #causes ... #urinary #chloride