11 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... secreting tumor, Primary ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... consumption • Low ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Osmotic diuresis (see ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... R - Primary aldosteronism ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #nephrology #differential
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... biliary fistula, Diarrhea ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
only if no clear cause ... Table below) ... acidosis) • Low ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... #Classification ... #Causes