23 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Refeeding syndrome ... losses (NG suction, diarrhea ... vomiting) • Low ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... Magnesium #Table #Classification
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Malabsorption, Chronic diarrhea ... • Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Clinical Manifestations of Serotonin Syndrome
 • Ophthalmologic: Mydriasis, Ocular clonus (slow horizontal movements)
 • Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea,
Clinical Manifestations ... of Serotonin Syndrome ... Ocular clonus (slow ... Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea ... #Symptoms #spectrum
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Appropriately Low ... Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea ... Hypophosphatemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... Low-normal EABV ... , Low Plasma HCO3 ... urine #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Laxative use • Diarrhea ... consumption • Low ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
may cause severe clinical ... overload) Other Symptoms ... Palpitations • Diarrhea ... , K, Mg2+) • Slow ... #Nutrition #Differential