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Initial Clinical and Laboratory Data Base for Defining Major Syndromes in Nephrology

#Major #Syndromes #Nephrology #Diagnosis #Workup
Initial Clinical ... and Laboratory ... Defining Major Syndromes ... #Major #Syndromes ... #Workup #Differential
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Irritable bowel syndrome ... Malabsorption syndromes ... Irritable bowel syndrome ... management #algorithm #workup ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... Aldosterone: Liddle's Syndrome ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
BEE Syndromes - ... treatment can prevent ... • Sjögren syndrome ... #neurology #inflammatory ... #differential #
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential ... Malabsorption, Chronic diarrhea ... alkalosis, Hungry bone syndrome ... Tumor genesis syndrome ... FGF-23: Fanconi syndrome
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... renal Mg wasting syndromes ... - Gitelman syndrome ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea ... Shift: Refeeding Syndrome ... Tumor Genesis Syndrome ... FGF23: Fanconi Syndrome ... #phosphorus #workup
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... Algorithm and Differential ... investigations depending on clinical ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... • Cardio-renal syndrome
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and ... Workup Step ... volume loss - diarrhea ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
tubal acidosis and ... Cerebral salt wasting syndrome ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome