12 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential ... Malabsorption, Chronic diarrhea ... • Normal or Low ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... Classification #Causes ... #Workup #hypomg
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Appropriately Low ... Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #phosphorus #workup
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Laxative use • Diarrhea ... consumption • Low ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... Young females Differential ... dissociation • Other causes ... #PhysicalExam #neurology ... #ophthalmology
Horner's Syndrome on Physical Exam

A 75yoF was referred in for facial swelling and eyelid changes 1
experience, the cause ... how the right pupil ... #clinical #video ... #ophthalmology ... #physicalexam #neurology
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Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... <20mmol/d • Diarrhea ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... biliary fistula, Diarrhea ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... #differential #