44 results
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Overall Approach to Anemia ... Deficiency • Aplastic Anemia ... • Anemia of Chronic ... Disease • Marrow ... Non-lmmune #Anemia
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Inadequate Intake: Vegetarian/vegan diet, Malnutrition
 • Increased Body Needs: Infants/preschoolers, Pregnancy,
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Pregnancy, EPO treatment ... Elite athletes • Chronic ... Loss (without anaemia ... #nutrition
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
, Chronic diarrhoea ... , Short bowel syndrome ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... • Nutritional: ... Haematological: Anaemia
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Framework for Anemia ... thalassemia • Anemia ... blood loss, Anemia ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Causes of Anemia ... Normal Blood Smear ... • Pernicious Anemia ... • Pernicious Anemia ... #Macrocytic #Anemia
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Diet: ↓ Intake, e.g. vegan, Malnutrition, Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Inflammation: IBD, Chronic ... disease (↑ hepcidin ... differential #diagnosis #anemia ... #nutrition
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
ataxia), Korsakoff syndrome ... Folate - Macrocytic anemia ... B12 - Macrocytic anemia ... Minerals: • Iron - Anemia ... cognitive dysfunction, anemia
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Spurious:
 • Artifact (redo CBC)
Autonomous:
 • Essential thrombocytosis
 • Polycythemia
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... : • Acute or Chronic ... disorders • Celiac disease ... effect following treatment ... Iron deficiency anemia
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
blood cell count (anemia ... • Anemia • Aplastic ... Anemia • Bone ... Megaloblastic Anemia ... Myelophthisic Anemia
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... • Sub-Valvular Disease ... Coronary Artery Disease ... Acute Coronary Syndrome ... Pulmonary - Other • Anemia