66 results
Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) 

Pathophysiology of MALA
 - Metformin interferes with the activity of the
Acidosis (MALA) Pathophysiology ... use in cellular metabolism ... via anaerobic metabolism ... also includes symptoms ... of metabolic acidosis
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... free fatty acid metabolism ... Intermediate fatty acid metabolism ... postpartum): • Initial symptoms ... #pathophysiology
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
Diagnosis and Management ... show anion-gap metabolic ... ingestion/exposure Symptoms ... Labs: Anion-Gap Metabolic ... #Treatment
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Excessive vomiting - Metabolic ... - Diuresis - Bartter ... increase may cause metabolic ... decrease may cause metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
• Incr Glucose Metabolism ... Syndrome - Metabolic ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Medications for High-Altitude Sickness 
Acetazolarnide 
 • Carbonic Anydrase Inhibitor Bicarb diuresis & metabolic Acidosis ->
Bicarb diuresis & metabolic ... #Medications #Management ... #Treatment
Atrial Fibrillation Overview

Symptoms:
Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

1. Why?
Cardiac:
• Valvular heart disease
•
Fibrillation Overview Symptoms ... Drugs/toxins • Metabolic ... Fibrillation #Cardiology #Management
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
lipolysis Signs/Symptoms ... thickness) - metabolic ... endocrinology #pathophysiology
Classification of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) and Treatment of Metabolic Abnormalities of TLS
Laboratory TLS:
 • Uric
Syndrome (TLS) and Treatment ... of Metabolic Abnormalities ... hypocalcemia Treatment ... Hyperkalemia - Standard treatment ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... mitochondrial oxidative metabolism ... Hypothyroid #Myopathy #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms