932 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Proximal tubule Bartter ... Syndrome #Fanconi #Bartter ... Nephron #Defects #Pathophysiology
Fever - Pyrogen Pathophysiology

EXOGENOUS PYROGEN
 • Bacteria: Lipopolysaccharide components, peptidoglycans and muramyl peptide derivatives, Toxins
 •
Fever - Pyrogen Pathophysiology ... across blood-brain barrier ... Fever #Fever #Pathophysiology
Spermatogenesis
 - Timing and location Begins at puberty with spermatogonia. Full development takes 2 months. Occurs
Behind blood-testis barrier ... #Pathophysiology
Lower Urinary Tract Infections: Complications
 - Infection damages the urinary tract epithelium causing fibroblast proliferation and
damage epithelial barrier ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... the blood-brain barrier ... the blood-brain barrier ... striatal gray matter ... cerebral white matter
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Disease, PRES Pathophysiology ... or blood-brain barrier
Rigors And Bacteremia - Overview

• Rigors are a response to the release of cytokines and prostaglandins
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: ... across blood-brain barrier ... Rigors #Bacteremia #Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Refeeding syndrome • Bartter ... syndrome • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology
Pathogenesis of meningitis 

Risk factors for pathogen entry include immunocompromised state (HIV positive, cancer, chemotherapy patients,
the blood brain barrier ... #Meningitis #Pathophysiology
C5-C9 Deficiency - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Note:
 • Risk of invasive meningococcal disease is 1000-10000x higher
the blood-brain barrier ... C5C9Deficiency #Complement #pathophysiology