18 results
Bradycardia Diagnostic and Management Algorithm

CONSIDER ETIOLOGY (not inclusive): 
 - STRUCTURAL: sick sinus, AV block, ischemia,
- ENDOCRINE: Hypothyroidism ... - TOX: beta-blockers ... LIFE THREATENING CAUSES ... TREATMENT - Drugs (beta-blockers ... Electrolytes (hyperkalemia
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Aldosterone • ENaC blockers ... nephropathy • Beta ... #IntercellularShift ... #Causes
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... Ketoconazole Low ... - NSAlDs - Beta-Blockers ... #Hyperkalemia ... #Algorithm #diagnosis
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... cells: Insulin, Beta-Agonist ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
Diagnosis: • ↓ Low ... ↑ T3 - Mild hypercalcemia ... Treatment: - Beta ... Treatment: • Beta ... #causes #diagnosis
Bradycardia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

BRADI Mnemonic
 • BRASH/Hyperkalemia
 • Reduced oxygen/Glucose/Temp
 • ACS
 • Drugs
 •
Endocrine: • Hypothyroidism ... Medications: • Beta ... channel blockers ... Spondylarthropathies Other causes ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... , TTKG, distal flow ... Resistance • Beta ... #IntercellularShift ... #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diuretics • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... Na-KATPase, EGFR,HNF-1beta ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Insulin • Beta ... Liddle's syndrome #Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... Wilson's disease • hypothyroidism ... pyrophosphate) blocks ... Hyperlipidemia - Hypercalcemia ... Phosphatase: • Other causes