10 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... cells: Insulin, Beta-Agonist ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
2 - Beta Blockers ... of phase 4 to slow ... 3 - Potassium Channel ... alpha & beta adrenergic ... #pathophysiology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Aldosterone • ENaC blockers ... nephropathy • Beta ... #Hyperkalemia #IntercellularShift ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Alkalosis • ↑ beta ... vomiting) • Low ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
open leading to slow ... 2 - Beta Blockers ... 3 - Potassium Channel ... alpha & beta adrenergic ... #pathophysiology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... Ketoconazole Low ... - NSAlDs - Beta-Blockers ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm ... #differential #causes
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology ... - When digoxin blocks ... intracellular calcium causes ... Since digoxin blocks ... hypokalemia (or low
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , TTKG, distal flow ... Resistance • Beta ... #Hyperkalemia #IntercellularShift ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Beta-Adrenergic ... inhibitors, ß-blockers ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... correcting serum potassium ... angiotensin receptor blockers ... continued in most cases