17 results
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... duration CLASS 2 - Beta ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... alpha & beta adrenergic ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmic Medications - Vaughan Williams Classification - Summary Table
Class I agents - Sodium Channel Blockers⠀
Class II
Vaughan Williams Classification ... this class are beta ... blockers.⠀ Class ... III agents - Potassium ... #Medications #Classification
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... cells: Insulin, Beta-Agonist ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
that Impair Renal Potassium ... Release: NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... Pharmacology #Impaired #Potassium
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Vaughan Williams Classification ... duration CLASS 2 - Beta ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... alpha & beta adrenergic ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers ... Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers ... Sodium-channel blockers ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Alkalosis • ↑ beta ... vomiting) • Low ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
deficiency - Heparin/ LMW ... Ketoconazole Low ... - NSAlDs - Beta-Blockers ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology ... - When digoxin blocks ... Since digoxin blocks ... hypokalemia (or low ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Emergent Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm
ECG changes, weakness, K+ >6.5 Or renal insufficiency with K >5.5 with cellular
Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm ... bradycardia, AV blocks ... Combo of insulin + beta-agonist ... glucose <100 • Beta-agonist ... treatment Remove potassium