258 results
diagnosis differential pathophysiology management algorithm causes pharmacology nephrology deficiency anemia hematology treatment clinical table comparison endocrinology nutrition cardiology disease workup
Pharmacology of diuretics Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability ... , Absorption #
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology PTH-mediated • Parathyroid cancer • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
intestinal calcium absorption ... and stimulates resorption ... Stimulate calcium reabsorption ... kidney, Stimulates resorption
Iron - Possible Routes of Administration and Fate in the Organism #Iron #Absorption #Routes #Pathophysiology #pharmacology #Oral
Iron - Possible ... the Organism #Iron ... #Absorption #Routes
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia: ↑ intestinal
↑ intestinal absorption ... ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↑ tubular reabsorption ... Hypophosphatemia: ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↓↓ tubular reabsorption
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology Calcitriol: • Bones: Enhances mineralization • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Tract: ↑ Ca2+ absorption ... , ↑ PO4- absorption ... , ↑ PO4- reabsorption ... Tract: ↓ Ca2+ absorption ... , PO4- reabsorption
Causes of Iron Deficiency • Diet: ↓ Intake, e.g. vegan, Malnutrition, Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Vitamin C • ↓ Absorption ... Others: Hemolysis, Iron ... @drkeithsiau #Iron
Causes of Iron Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Blood loss: GI (cancer, ulcer, IBD), GU
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Hemodialysis • Iron ... Lactation, Low iron ... Decreased ferrous iron ... loss of sites of absorption
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure Pathophysiology: Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... leads to decreased iron ... absorption and ... iron release Diagnosis ... Treatment - IV Iron
Causes of Iron Deficiency • Inadequate Intake: Vegetarian/vegan diet, Malnutrition • Increased Body Needs: Infants/preschoolers, Pregnancy,
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Steroids • Reduced absorption ... IBD, cancer) #Iron
Causes of Hyperferritinemia - Differential Diagnosis Ferritin > 1000 Ferritin is the storage form of iron. Increased hepcidin
storage form of iron ... cause increased GI absorption ... of iron. ... Iron overload - ... differentiate iron
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