15 results
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability ... , Absorption # ... #Pharmacology #Comparison
Causes of Hyperferritinemia - Differential Diagnosis
Ferritin > 1000
Ferritin is the storage form of iron. Increased hepcidin
storage form of iron ... increased GI absorption ... of iron. ... Iron overload - ... differentiate iron
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Diet: ↓ Intake, e.g. vegan, Malnutrition, Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Vitamin C • ↓ Absorption ... Others: Hemolysis, Iron ... @drkeithsiau #Iron ... #Deficiency #Causes
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... → Inflammation causes ... absorption and ... Treatment - IV Iron ... endpoint of all-cause
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Inadequate Intake: Vegetarian/vegan diet, Malnutrition
 • Increased Body Needs: Infants/preschoolers, Pregnancy,
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Steroids • Reduced absorption ... IBD, cancer) #Iron ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Iron Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Blood loss: GI (cancer, ulcer, IBD), GU
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Hemodialysis • Iron ... Lactation, Low iron ... loss of sites of absorption ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Characteristics of Commonly Used Phosphate Binders 
Aluminum 
 - Potent and effective 
 - Useful for
- No systemic absorption ... - Significant absorption ... of iron that may ... decrease iron and ... Binders #Table #Comparison
TAILS Mnemonic for - Causes of Microcytic Anemia
(MCV < 80)

T - Thalassemia - Inherited hemoglobinopathies
A -
Mnemonic for - Causes ... inflammation impairing iron ... utilization I - Iron ... inadequate intake or absorption ... where the body has iron
5 D's Mnemonic for Causes of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)
Diet - lacking iron, vitamin C, too
D's Mnemonic for Causes ... of Iron Deficiency ... absorption Decreased ... Absorption - Diarrhea ... Deficiency #Anemia #Causes
Causes of Copper Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis
Hereditary: 
 - Menkes disease, familial hypoceruloplasminemia
Decreased / Inadequate Intake:
Causes of Copper ... or inadequate absorption ... supplementation) or iron