32 results
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability ... , Absorption #
Iron - Possible Routes of Administration and Fate in the Organism

#Iron #Absorption #Routes #Pathophysiology #pharmacology #Oral
Iron - Possible ... the Organism #Iron ... #Absorption #Routes
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Diet: ↓ Intake, e.g. vegan, Malnutrition, Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Vitamin C • ↓ Absorption ... Others: Hemolysis, Iron ... @drkeithsiau #Iron
Causes of Iron Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Blood loss: GI (cancer, ulcer, IBD), GU
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Hemodialysis • Iron ... Lactation, Low iron ... Decreased ferrous iron ... loss of sites of absorption
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... leads to decreased iron ... absorption and ... iron release Diagnosis ... Treatment - IV Iron
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Inadequate Intake: Vegetarian/vegan diet, Malnutrition
 • Increased Body Needs: Infants/preschoolers, Pregnancy,
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Steroids • Reduced absorption ... IBD, cancer) #Iron
Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia
In patients with anemia, diagnose iron deficiency if:
 • Ferritin <
Evaluation of Iron ... anemia, diagnose iron ... Insufficient response to iron ... management #Iron ... Gastrointestinal #Evaluation #workup
Causes of Hyperferritinemia - Differential Diagnosis
Ferritin > 1000
Ferritin is the storage form of iron. Increased hepcidin
storage form of iron ... cause increased GI absorption ... of iron. ... Iron overload - ... differentiate iron
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • 12-13 g/dL,
 • ANC < 1800/uL,
 • platelet < 150,000/uL

Initial
/uL Initial Workup ... LDH, ESR, CRP, iron ... Algorithm #hematology #workup
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia ... Renal Phosphate Absorption ... Diagnosis #Framework #Workup