20 results
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... Nephron #Segments #Function ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... decreased iron absorption ... with TSAT <20% (functional ... endpoint of all-cause
Causes of B12 deficiency. 

This great diagram shows normal absorption and outlines most possible causes. At
Causes of B12 deficiency ... diagram shows normal ... absorption and ... most possible causes ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
NSAID vs ACEI/ARB effects on the Kidneys

Remember that NSAIDs and ACEI/ARB therapy have opposing effects on
NSAIDs cause vasoconstriction ... patients with normal ... kidney function ... use shouldn't cause ... Nephrology #Renal #Pathophysiology
Causes of Post-Partum Hemorrhage - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Blood Loss: >500mL post vaginal delivery OR >1000 mL
Causes of Post-Partum ... chorioamnionitis) • Functional ... succenturiate lobe • Abnormal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Obstetrics #OBGyn
ED Treatment of 
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding 

Hemodynamically unstable 
Resuscitation 
 • ABCs! 
 • Fluids +
Treatment of Abnormal ... pregnancy related cause ... Hemodynamically stable ... PO Outpatient OBGYN ... therapy #AUB #Abnormal
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Definition: • Functional ... • Caused by splanchnic ... Pathophysiology: ... • Tubular function ... • Normal kidney
Causes of Secondary Amenorrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Absence of menses for more than 3 cycles or
Causes of Secondary ... progesterone challenge, normal ... estrogen: • Functional ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #OBGyn #Gynecology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... to be falsely normal ... has good renal function ... Abdominal pain, nausea ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Framework NCPE Pathophysiology ... Causes include: ... • Heart size: Normal ... ECHO: • Normal ... left ventricular function