28 results
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability ... , Absorption #
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
heparin Acute Phosphate ... Exogenous: Excessive phosphate ... intake, Phosphate ... Increased Renal Phosphate ... Absorption:
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
Decreased intake/absorption ... Malabsorption, Phosphate ... causes #nephrology #phosphate
Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift:
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 • Tumor Lysis
 • Metabolic or Respiratory Acidosis
Increased Intake / Absorption ... Hypervitaminosis D • Phosphate ... Supplementation • Phosphate
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate ... • Decreased GI Absorption ... Diarrhea, Antacids, Phosphate ... Inappropriately High Kidney Phosphate
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
, ↑Vitamin D, ↓Phosphate ... ↓Vitamin D, ↑↓Phosphate ... , ↓Vitamin D, ↑Phosphate ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Fractional Excretion of Phosphate ... diarrhea, Poor absorption ... Framework #Workup #phosphate
Characteristics of Commonly Used Phosphate Binders 
Aluminum 
 - Potent and effective 
 - Useful for
Commonly Used Phosphate ... - No systemic absorption ... - Significant absorption ... significant systemic absorption ... amzn.to/34t5DgJ #Phosphate
The following table from MacGregor (1997) summarizes the bioavailability of many commonly used antibiotics:
#EBM #Pharmacology #InfectiousDiseases
summarizes the bioavailability ... #Antibiotics #Absorption ... PeakSerumLevels #Bioavailability
Total-Body Deficits in Chronic Alcohol-Use Disorder. Patients with chronic alcohol-use disorder may have total-body deficits of
total-body deficits of phosphate ... gastrointestinal absorption