12 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Content • RBC Transfusions ... blood loss • Hemolytic ... #Decrease #Diagnosis ... #DM2 #Differential
Hemolysis Classification - Intrinsic and Extrinsic Causes

Commentary: Another way to think of immune hemolysis would be
Hemolysis Classification ... and Extrinsic Causes ... autoimmune (most of the causes ... , hemolytic transfusion ... #Classification
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Transfusion Thresholds ... Hemolysis on labs ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... more likely to cause
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Diagnosis for Hemolytic ... Anemia Intrinsic Causes ... prosthetic valve • Transfusion ... udaygulati #Hemolytic ... #classification
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
venipuncture • Hemolysis ... Poorly controlled DM ... - Transfusion ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
venipuncture • Hemolysis ... Poorly controlled DM ... - Transfusion ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... intake • Blood transfusion ... of injection Decreased ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Summary table of types of hypersensitivity reactions. 
Type 1
 - Mediators: lgE
 - Antigen Form: Soluble
Allergen-specific lgE causes ... Examples: Acute transfusion ... reaction, Haemolytic ... allergy #table #classification
Lactic Acidosis - Overview and Pathophysiology
Lactic acid is an endogenous substrate for gluconeogenesis, that is constantly
why LR does not cause ... Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2 ... ) • Decreased O2 ... pathophysiology #classification
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
injury, ischemia, hemolysis ... , transfusions), ... ↓insulin (DM, DKA ... Pseudohyperkalemia - hemolysis ... only if no clear cause