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diagnosis differential hyperkalemia high nephrology antiarrhythmics cardiology classes pathophysiology pharmacology algorithm blood dm2 elevation false hba1c hematology hgba1c hypokalemia laboratory
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c == False Elevation == Decreased RBC turnover • Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Reduction == Increase ... blood loss • Hemolytic ... HgbA1c #Laboratory #Increase ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Diagnostic algorithm Decreased ... renal potassium ... failure • Drugs Increased ... diet • Blood transfusion ... • Tumor lysis/hemolysis
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Transfusion Thresholds ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... products contain potassium ... more likely to cause
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... - Transfusion ... hypoperfusion Increased ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... - Transfusion ... hypoperfusion Increased ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Increased ... Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... intake • Blood transfusion ... of injection Decreased
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework • Cellular Shift: - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... tacrolimus) - Decrease ... - AKI/CKD • Increased ... Crush injury, Hemolysis ... #potassium #high
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Tourniquet use - Hemolysis ... drugs - Transfusion ... aged blood - Hemolysis ... tissue necrosis Decreased
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification: CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers: • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... of phase 0 to decrease ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary Cardiac Conduction Phases: Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization: • Na+ channels open leading to a
close • K* efflux increases ... Vaughan Williams Classification ... of phase 0 to decrease ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... #Pharmacology #Classification
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