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diagnosis differential hyperkalemia hematology high management nephrology blood product reactions abnormal algorithm anemia classification coagulation color dic discoloration disseminated dm2
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Causes Intravascular ... HUS) • Other: Transfusion ... G6PD deficiency) ... #Hemolytic #Intravascular ... #Causes #differential
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c == False Elevation == Decreased RBC turnover • Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... -12, or folate deficiency ... Content • RBC Transfusions ... blood loss • Hemolytic ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Transfusion Thresholds ... recipients w/ IgA deficiency ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... products contain potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... paralysis - Insulin deficiency ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... paralysis - Insulin deficiency ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Blood Transfusion Reactions Immune Mediated: • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
recipients w/ IgA deficiency ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... products contain potassium ... more likely to cause
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Tourniquet use - Hemolysis ... drugs - Transfusion ... aged blood - Hemolysis ... tissue necrosis Decreased
Causes of Iron Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Blood loss: GI (cancer, ulcer, IBD), GU
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... • Iron loss: Intravascular ... hemolysis, (PNH ... MALABSORPTION • Decreased ... tony_breu #Iron #Deficiency
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors Findings: • Bleeding • Recent history
Disseminated Intravascular ... incompatible blood transfusion ... thrombopoietin deficiency ... Treat primary cause ... #Disseminated #Intravascular
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis Turbid White Urine (Albinuria): • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal ... Syndrome - UTI caused ... hemolysis (G6PD ... deficiency, sickle ... , thalassemia, transfusion
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