8 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Elevation == Decreased ... Iron, B-12, or folate ... blood loss • Hemolytic ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Transfusion Thresholds ... Hemolysis on labs ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... more likely to cause
Folate Deficiency - Causes of Decreased Folic Acid
↓ Intake: Diet, Age, Alcohol
↑ Demand: Pregnancy, Infancy, Hemolysis,
Folate Deficiency ... - Causes of Decreased ... Pregnancy, Infancy, Hemolysis ... @drkeithsiau #Folate
Etiologies of Folate Deficiency
 • Decreased dietary intake - uncommon in this era
 • Increased requirements
Etiologies of Folate ... Deficiency • Decreased ... pregnant have hemolytic ... that can cause ... anticonvulsants lead to increase
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... intake • Blood transfusion ... of injection Decreased ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Summary table of types of hypersensitivity reactions. 
Type 1
 - Mediators: lgE
 - Antigen Form: Soluble
Allergen-specific lgE causes ... Immediate-phase: minutes, Late-phase ... Examples: Acute transfusion ... reaction, Haemolytic
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
injury, ischemia, hemolysis ... , transfusions), ... Pseudohyperkalemia - hemolysis ... badness): Peak T, flat ... only if no clear cause
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Tourniquet use - Hemolysis ... Potassium-containing drugs - Transfusion ... aged blood - Hemolysis ... tissue necrosis Decreased