10 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia High ... Content • RBC Transfusions ... blood loss • Hemolytic ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Transfusion Thresholds ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... High mortality. ... more likely to cause
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... glycosides • High ... intake • Blood transfusion ... of injection Decreased
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... - Transfusion ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... - Transfusion ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Several artifacts can cause significant and potentially misleading alterations to measured RBC parameters: 
1. Old samples
falsely high Hgb ... Hemolysis causes ... PCV to decrease ... PCV and MCV to decrease ... Bite #Keratocyte #Blister
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
glomerulonephritis; HUS = hemolytic-uremic ... syndrome; aHUS ... red blood cells/high-power ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... proteinuria #nephrotic #syndrome
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal ... ingestion, Conditions listed ... - UTI caused by ... Intravascular hemolysis ... , thalassemia, transfusion
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis ... Decreased distal ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #High
PFAPA Syndrome - Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, and Adenitis

EPIDEMIOLOGY:
PFAPA is the most common syndrome entailing
excluding areas with high ... PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The exact cause ... It causes the absolute ... This drop can increase ... known pathogenic cause